What Is Macular Degeneration? Symptoms, Causes & How Your Optician Can Help

jg9705
4 hours ago
2 min read

Macular degeneration, also known as Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over 50. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision—making daily activities like reading, driving, and recognising faces more difficult.

As opticians, we play a crucial role in detecting early signs of AMD and guiding patients through the best care options available.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration occurs when the macula begins to deteriorate. There are two main types:

Dry AMD (most common): Develops slowly with the build of retinal waste products and as the macula thins over time.
Wet AMD (less common but more serious): Caused by abnormal blood vessels leaking fluid into the retina or retinal bleeding, leading to faster vision loss.

Early detection is key, especially because vision loss from AMD can be irreversible.

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

Signs of AMD often develop gradually and may include:

Blurred or distorted central vision
Difficulty reading or recognising faces
A dark or empty spot in the centre of your vision
Straight lines appearing wavy (a key sign of Wet AMD)

If you notice any of these symptoms, book an eye exam immediately.

What Causes Macular Degeneration?

While ageing is the main factor, others include:

Family history of AMD
Smoking
High blood pressure
Poor diet or low antioxidant intake
Excessive sun exposure without UV protection

How Can an Optician Help?

While there’s no cure for AMD, early diagnosis and ongoing management are crucial. As your optician, we can:

Detect signs during a routine eye test
Provide low vision aids and specialist lenses
Recommend nutritional supplements (AREDS2) and lifestyle changes
Refer you to an eye specialist for advanced treatment if needed

Protect Your Vision—Book an Eye Exam

Macular degeneration doesn’t have to mean the end of independence. With early care and the right support, you can maintain quality of life and make the most of your vision.